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گوڙاڻو ڊيم. ماحولياتي،سماجي ۽ معاشي اثر...

February 17, 2017
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گوڙاڻو ڊيم. ماحولياتي،سماجي ۽ معاشي اثر
ٿر جيڪو هڪ پاسي پنهنجي اندر ۾ مزاحمتي تاريخ رکي ٿو ته  ٻي پاسي قدرتي سونهن جي ڪري هن علائقي کي پنهنجي سڃاڻپ آهي. ٿر جا رهواسي جنهن جو ڪير به ڪونهي سواءِ وارياسي ڀٽن جي ۽ کُليل آسمان جي، اُنهن جا ڪي همدرد آهن ته اُنهن جا مال مويشي، کيتر کُوهه ۽ مندائتي بادل جيڪي من مرضي تي وسي سندس ٿر کي ساوڪ جي سونهن بخشن ٿا.
چوڻي آهي ته ”غريب جي خوشحالي ۽ سندس سونهن اُن جي ئي زندگي جون دشمن ٿيو پون“  ٿر جي ڌرتي سان به ڪو ساڳيو ئي ويدن 
آهي.1992  ۾ هڪ کوٽائي سبب خبر پئي ته ٿر ۾ دُنيا جي ستهين نمبر وڏي ڪوئلي جي کاڻ آهي جنهن ۾ هڪ سئو پنجتر 175 بلين ٽن ڪوئلو موجود آهي جيڪا پاڪستان جي ايندڙ ٻه سئو 200 سالن تائين 100000 ميگاواٽ بجلي پيدا ڪرڻ جي صلاحيت رکي ٿو. حڪومت پاران 175 ٽن ڪوئلي جي مائننگ لاءِ تيرهن سيڙهپڪاري بلاڪ جوڙيا ويا، جنهن ۾ بلاڪ نمبر ٻه جي مائننگ ۾ پاور پلانٽ لڳائڻ جو ٺيڪو سنڌ حڪومت پاران سنڌ اينڳرو ڪول مائننگ ڪپني کي ڏنو ويو، اُن ۾ 54 سيڪڙو سنڌ حڪومت جو حصو آهي ۽ بقايا 46 سيڪڙو اينگرو ڪمپني جو حصو آهي. ڪمپني کي ڪوئلي جي کوٽائي جو ذميواري ڏني وئي آهي جڏهن ته روڊ نيٽورڪ ۽ غير قابل استعمال مٽيريل کي خارج ڪرڻ جي ذميواري حڪومت جي آهي. 
ڪوئلو 164 فُٽن جي کوٽائي کان پوءِ نڪرڻو آهي، کوٽائي دوران ذهريلو پاڻي پڻ نڪرندو جنهن جي نيڪالي لاءِ ڳوڙاڻو نالي ڳوٺ ڀرسان پندرنهن سئو ايڪڙن تي مشتعمل ڊيم ٺاهيو پيو وڃي. 
اينگرو جي چيف ايگزيڪيوٽو آفيسر شمس الدين ۽ ميڊيا ڪوآرڊينيٽر محسن ٻٻر جو چوڻ  آهي ته ”ٿر ڪول پراجيڪٽ (سي پيڪ) جو حصو آهي،  هي هڪ ترقي جو منصوبو آهي ڊيم واري 1500 ايڪڙ زمين مان 532 ايڪڙ صرف مقامي رهواسين جي آهي جڏهن ته باقي سرڪاري ۽ ڳئوچر آهي. زمين جي مالڪن کي اڍائي لک في ايڪڙ جي حصاب سان معاوضو  ڏيڻ جي آڇ پڻ ڪئي وئي آهي“.
جڏهن ته مقامي رهواسين ناراضيپي جو اظهار ڪندي گُذريل ساڍا ٽي مهينن کان مظاهرا ۽ سراپا احتجاج ڪري رهيا آهن، اُنهن جو چوڻ آهي ته ” ترقي جا حامي اسين به  آهيون پر حڪومت ۽ ڪمپني جي غيرذميوار روين منجھايو اٿن. ڊيم ٺهڻ سان سوين ايڪڙ زمين بنجر ٿي ويندي ۽ لاتعداد وڻ وڍڻ سان ماحولياتي اثر پڻ خراب پوندا“ ڊيم ۾ ڇڏندڙ پاڻي جي معيار 5000 پي پي ايم  ٻڌائي وئي آهي جيڪو ساهواري توڙي جياپي لاءِ استعمال ۾ ايندڙ ڀرپاسي جي کوهن جي پاڻي جي معيار کي پڻ متاثر ڪندو. ڪمپني جو چوڻ آهي ته سرڪار پاران گوڙاڻي ڊيم جو ماحولياتي ۽ سماجي اثرن جي  ڪٿ لاءِ هڪ اڀياس پڻ ڪرايو ويو هو، پر ڪُجھ ليکڪن مطابق گوڙاڻي ڊيم بابت اِي آئِي اي جي ڪٿي به رپورٽ يا دستاويز نه ملي سگھيا آهن جيڪي عوام جي پهچ ۾ هُجڻ قانونن توڙ لازمي آهن.  
 ڪمپني پاران ٻڌايو ويو آهي ته ڊيم واري 1500 ايڪڙن مان 532 ايڪڙ زمين مقامي ماڻهن جي آهي جيڪا به انگريزن جي دور جو لئنڊ ايڪيوزيشن ايڪٽ 1984 تحت ورتي وڃي پئي، مقامي ماڻهن کي   مرضي بغير لڏپلائڻ ڪرائي پئي وڃي اُن قانون تحت جنهن وٽ ڪاغذ هوندا معاوضو به اُنهن کي ڏنو ويندو، ٿر جو صديون پراڻو نظام ڏاڏن جي زمين ابن جي نالي ۽ ابن جي وري پُٽن جي نالي، ٿر جو هاري بنيادي سهولتن کان محروم هجڻ ڪري تعليم نه پرائي سگھيو سدائين پنهنجي هارپي ۾ رڌل رهيو تنهن کي ڪاغذ سنڀالڻ جهڙي سوچ ڪٿان اچي؟  
گوٺاڻن جو چوڻ آهي ته ”ڊيم جي اڏاوت رهواسين جي مرضي بغير شروع ڪئي وئي هئي ڊيم جي ڪري اُتان جي رهواسي ۽ ذريعي آبادي متاثر ٿي سگھي ٿي ان ڳالهه جي پرواهه ڪرڻ بجاءَ ڊيم جو  ڪم تيزي سان جاري آهي، جن ماڻهن کان زمين خالي ڪرائي وئي آهي ريپليسمينٽ ڪمپليشن تحت انهن کي انهن ئي ذريعن ۽ وسيعلن سميت ٻي جڳه بندوبست ڪرڻ حڪومت جو فرض هو ان ڳالهه کي ڌيان ۾ رکندي ته جتي منتقل ڪري رهيا آهيون اُتي جي آبادي تي فرق ته نه پوندو نه پر افسوس ۾ چوڻو ٿو پوي ته اهڙي ڪا به صورتحال ڏسڻ ۾ نه آئي“.
جن ماڻهن کي ڪمپني معاوضو ڏنو آهي اُهي ڊيم ايريا کان قافي پرتي رهڻ  لڳا آهن جڏهن ته ٻيا پنهنجي حقن لاءِ مختلف در کڙڪائڻ ۾ رڌل آهن پر ڪا به واهر نه ٿي سگھي. جڏهن ته ڪمپني ۽ حڪومت پاران بي ڌياني جو اظهار ڪيو پيو وڃي.
ڪمپني طرفان رٿيل دستاويز پلان پڙهڻ سان لڳي رهيو هو هي پراجيڪٽ ٿر کي ماڊرنائيز ڪرڻ لاءِ بهترين منصوبو آهي جنهن سان ٿر ۾ روزگار ۽ خوشحالي جا آبشار وهندا پر گوڙاڻو ڊيم جي قيام ۽ اُتان جي رهواسين ٿيل ويدن کي ڏسي لڳي ٿو ته ٿر ۽ ٿرين جا حالات اُهي ئي رهندا جيڪي هئا بلڪه ماحولياتي اثرن سبب اڃان به خُدشا وڌندا ٿا وڃن. 
ڊُنيا جا وڏا مصحلا ۽ تڪراري فيصلا نبيري سگھجن ٿا اگر انهن کي اصولن تحت حل ڪيا وڃن، حڪومت کي گھرجي ها ته عوام کي خُدشا ختم ڪري سندس اعتماد ۾ آڻي ها ۽ ڪنهن به قسم جي پهچندڙ نقصان جي پورائي لاءِ يقين ڏيارين ها ته پوءِ ڏسو ها ته هي وارياسي ڀٽن جا ڀورا ماڻهون ۽ هنن جي خوشي....! ڇو ته هي سمجھن ٿا ته پاڪستان جي ترقي، سنڌ جي ترقي آهي ۽ سنڌ جي ترقي ٿر جي ترقي آهي.


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